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Site 1. Charles Street at Wyman Park Dell
Ghost Rivers: Sumwalt Run
You are standing in the last remnant of the Sumwalt Run stream valley.
This quiet creek still flows secretly through Wyman Park Dell, unseen below our feet. In 1908 Baltimore constructed a new riverbed for Sumwalt Run, a brick and concrete tunnel to replace the stream’s meandering, rocky path. Workers filled and flattened the valley floor with 15 feet of packed earth. Today, dogs and frisbee throwers frolic across the Dell’s manicured walks and lawn, unaware of the stream still running beneath.
In this valley, the banks of Sumwalt Run once breathed in and out, shrinking and growing with droughts and deluges, changing with the seasons. Natural springs trickled in mossy channels from the hillsides. You can still find one of these springs bubbling up through the lawn. During wet seasons it turns part of the Dell into a mud bath for birds and neighborhood dogs.
Here beavers built dams along the run, and the roots of ancient oak and beech trees sculpted the hillsides as they reached down to drink its waters. An ecosystem of plants, animals, and insects adapted to the stream’s cycles. People also engineered Sumwalt Run with dams and ponds to harness its water for ice and agriculture. But unlike beavers and trees, people today rarely shift our own roots and patterns in time with nature’s rhythms. Instead we build walls and hidden drainage systems to create temporary illusions of control and tidiness. Our sewered waterways are like stick-figure drawings of a river. They bear little resemblance to the living bodies of water that once danced through the landscape.
The Sumwalt Run stream valley as photographed in 1905 from Charles Street. Today, this same view looks across the lawn of the Dell towards the Baltimore Museum of Art. (Courtesy of the National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site)
““Down in the sunken garden, approached by neat concrete steps, was a little stream meandering through marshy ground. It was wild unspoiled country... there was a rich enchantment in these woods.””
This photo depicts a now-buried stream in the Hampden neighborhood, next to the concrete tunnel where it would soon flow. By the early 20th century, townhouses, factories, and other urban development had replaced the woods and farmland through which these creeks once ran. (Photo courtesy Baltimore DPW Archives and Ronald Parks)
““The land is… watered by a picturesque stream. It abounds in valuable springs and is graced with stately oaks and magnificent beech trees… in and along the bed and sides of a pretty valley.””
Walking in the snow along Charles Street just north of Wyman Park Dell, ca. 1900–1910. (Courtesy SS. Philip & James Church archives)
This topographic survey from 1905 shows Sumwalt Run meandering through what is now Wyman Park Dell. (Courtesy of the National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site)
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